How To Create An Awesome Instagram Video About Evolution Site
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The Academy's Evolution Site
Biology is one of the most fundamental concepts in biology. The Academies are involved in helping those who are interested in the sciences understand evolution theory and how it is incorporated in all areas of scientific research.
This site provides a wide range of resources for teachers, students and general readers of evolution. It contains key video clips from NOVA and WGBH produced science programs on DVD.
Tree of Life
The Tree of Life, an ancient symbol, symbolizes the interconnectedness of all life. It appears in many religions and cultures as symbolizing unity and love. It has numerous practical applications in addition to providing a framework to understand the evolution of species and how they respond to changing environmental conditions.
Early approaches to depicting the world of biology focused on the classification of species into distinct categories that had been distinguished by their physical and metabolic characteristics1. These methods, based on the sampling of various parts of living organisms or on small DNA fragments, greatly increased the variety of organisms that could be included in the tree of life2. These trees are largely composed by eukaryotes, and bacteria are largely underrepresented3,4.
By avoiding the need for direct experimentation and observation genetic techniques have enabled us to depict the Tree of Life in a more precise way. Trees can be constructed using molecular techniques like the small-subunit ribosomal gene.
Despite the massive expansion of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a large amount of biodiversity remains to be discovered. This is especially relevant to microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate, and which are usually only present in a single sample5. A recent study of all known genomes has produced a rough draft of the Tree of Life, including a large number of bacteria and archaea that have not been isolated, and which are not well understood.
This expanded Tree of Life is particularly beneficial in assessing the biodiversity of an area, which can help to determine whether specific habitats require protection. This information can be used in a variety of ways, such as identifying new drugs, combating diseases and improving the quality of crops. The information is also incredibly beneficial in conservation efforts. It can aid biologists in identifying areas most likely to have species that are cryptic, which could have important metabolic functions and be vulnerable to the effects of human activity. Although funding to protect biodiversity are essential however, the most effective method to preserve the world's biodiversity is for more people in developing countries to be empowered with the necessary knowledge to act locally in order to promote conservation from within.
Phylogeny
A phylogeny is also known as an evolutionary tree, reveals the connections between different groups of organisms. Scientists can create an phylogenetic chart which shows the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic groups based on molecular data and morphological similarities or differences. The concept of phylogeny is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity, evolution and genetics.
A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Identifies the relationships between organisms that have similar traits and evolved from a common ancestor. These shared traits could be analogous or homologous. Homologous traits share their underlying evolutionary path while analogous traits appear similar but do not have the same ancestors. Scientists group similar traits into a grouping called a Clade. All members of a clade have a common trait, such as amniotic egg production. They all derived from an ancestor with these eggs. A phylogenetic tree can be built by connecting the clades to identify the organisms that are most closely related to each other.
To create a more thorough and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists make use of molecular data from DNA or RNA to establish the relationships among organisms. This information is more precise than the morphological data and gives evidence of the evolutionary history of an individual or group. Researchers can use Molecular Data to estimate the age of evolution of organisms and identify the number of organisms that share a common ancestor.
The phylogenetic relationships between organisms can be affected by a variety of factors including phenotypic plasticity, a type of behavior that alters in response to unique environmental conditions. This can cause a particular trait to appear more similar in one species than another, obscuring the phylogenetic signal. However, this problem can be reduced by the use of techniques such as cladistics that incorporate a combination of homologous and analogous features into the tree.
Additionally, phylogenetics aids determine the duration and speed at which speciation takes place. This information can assist conservation biologists make decisions about which species they should protect from the threat of extinction. It is ultimately the preservation of phylogenetic diversity that will create a complete and balanced ecosystem.
Evolutionary Theory
The main idea behind evolution is that organisms acquire various characteristics over time due to their interactions with their environments. Several theories of evolutionary change have been developed by a wide range of scientists such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who believed that an organism would evolve gradually according to its requirements, the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern hierarchical taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that use or disuse of traits can cause changes that could be passed onto offspring.
In the 1930s and 1940s, theories from a variety of fields--including natural selection, genetics, and particulate inheritance -- came together to create the modern evolutionary theory which explains how evolution happens through the variation of genes within a population, and how these variants change in time as a result of natural selection. This model, called genetic drift mutation, gene flow and sexual selection, is a key element of modern evolutionary biology and can be mathematically described.
Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have demonstrated that variations can be introduced into a species via mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling of genes during sexual reproduction, and also through migration between populations. These processes, along with other ones like directional selection and genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of the genotype over time), can lead to evolution which is defined by changes in the genome of the species over time and the change in phenotype over time (the expression of the genotype within the individual).
Students can gain a better understanding of the concept of phylogeny through incorporating evolutionary thinking throughout all areas of biology. A recent study conducted by Grunspan and colleagues, for instance, showed that teaching about the evidence supporting evolution helped students accept the concept of evolution in a college biology course. For more information about how to teach evolution read The Evolutionary Potency in All Areas of Biology or 에볼루션 코리아 바카라사이트; digitaltibetan.win, Thinking Evolutionarily A Framework for Integrating Evolution into Life Sciences Education.
Evolution in Action
Traditionally, scientists have studied evolution through looking back--analyzing fossils, comparing species and 바카라 에볼루션 studying living organisms. But evolution isn't a thing that occurred in the past; it's an ongoing process, happening today. Bacteria evolve and resist antibiotics, viruses evolve and elude new medications and animals alter their behavior to a changing planet. The results are often apparent.
It wasn't until late 1980s that biologists began realize that natural selection was in play. The main reason is that different traits confer the ability to survive at different rates and reproduction, and they can be passed on from one generation to another.
In the past when one particular allele, the genetic sequence that determines coloration--appeared in a group of interbreeding organisms, it could rapidly become more common than the other alleles. Over time, that would mean the number of black moths in the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.
Observing evolutionary change in action is much easier when a species has a rapid generation turnover like bacteria. Since 1988 the biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. Coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each are taken on a regular basis and over 50,000 generations have now been observed.
Lenski's research has shown that a mutation can profoundly alter the rate at which a population reproduces--and so, the rate at which it changes. It also demonstrates that evolution is slow-moving, a fact that some people find difficult to accept.
Another example of microevolution is how mosquito genes that confer resistance to pesticides appear more frequently in areas where insecticides are employed. This is because pesticides cause an enticement that favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.
The rapidity of evolution has led to a growing awareness of its significance particularly in a world that is largely shaped by human activity. This includes the effects of climate change, pollution and habitat loss, which prevents many species from adapting. Understanding the evolution process can help us make better choices about the future of our planet and 에볼루션 바카라 무료 [Ddhszz.com] the life of its inhabitants.
Biology is one of the most fundamental concepts in biology. The Academies are involved in helping those who are interested in the sciences understand evolution theory and how it is incorporated in all areas of scientific research.
This site provides a wide range of resources for teachers, students and general readers of evolution. It contains key video clips from NOVA and WGBH produced science programs on DVD.
Tree of Life
The Tree of Life, an ancient symbol, symbolizes the interconnectedness of all life. It appears in many religions and cultures as symbolizing unity and love. It has numerous practical applications in addition to providing a framework to understand the evolution of species and how they respond to changing environmental conditions.
Early approaches to depicting the world of biology focused on the classification of species into distinct categories that had been distinguished by their physical and metabolic characteristics1. These methods, based on the sampling of various parts of living organisms or on small DNA fragments, greatly increased the variety of organisms that could be included in the tree of life2. These trees are largely composed by eukaryotes, and bacteria are largely underrepresented3,4.
By avoiding the need for direct experimentation and observation genetic techniques have enabled us to depict the Tree of Life in a more precise way. Trees can be constructed using molecular techniques like the small-subunit ribosomal gene.
Despite the massive expansion of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a large amount of biodiversity remains to be discovered. This is especially relevant to microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate, and which are usually only present in a single sample5. A recent study of all known genomes has produced a rough draft of the Tree of Life, including a large number of bacteria and archaea that have not been isolated, and which are not well understood.
This expanded Tree of Life is particularly beneficial in assessing the biodiversity of an area, which can help to determine whether specific habitats require protection. This information can be used in a variety of ways, such as identifying new drugs, combating diseases and improving the quality of crops. The information is also incredibly beneficial in conservation efforts. It can aid biologists in identifying areas most likely to have species that are cryptic, which could have important metabolic functions and be vulnerable to the effects of human activity. Although funding to protect biodiversity are essential however, the most effective method to preserve the world's biodiversity is for more people in developing countries to be empowered with the necessary knowledge to act locally in order to promote conservation from within.
Phylogeny
A phylogeny is also known as an evolutionary tree, reveals the connections between different groups of organisms. Scientists can create an phylogenetic chart which shows the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic groups based on molecular data and morphological similarities or differences. The concept of phylogeny is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity, evolution and genetics.
A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Identifies the relationships between organisms that have similar traits and evolved from a common ancestor. These shared traits could be analogous or homologous. Homologous traits share their underlying evolutionary path while analogous traits appear similar but do not have the same ancestors. Scientists group similar traits into a grouping called a Clade. All members of a clade have a common trait, such as amniotic egg production. They all derived from an ancestor with these eggs. A phylogenetic tree can be built by connecting the clades to identify the organisms that are most closely related to each other.
To create a more thorough and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists make use of molecular data from DNA or RNA to establish the relationships among organisms. This information is more precise than the morphological data and gives evidence of the evolutionary history of an individual or group. Researchers can use Molecular Data to estimate the age of evolution of organisms and identify the number of organisms that share a common ancestor.
The phylogenetic relationships between organisms can be affected by a variety of factors including phenotypic plasticity, a type of behavior that alters in response to unique environmental conditions. This can cause a particular trait to appear more similar in one species than another, obscuring the phylogenetic signal. However, this problem can be reduced by the use of techniques such as cladistics that incorporate a combination of homologous and analogous features into the tree.
Additionally, phylogenetics aids determine the duration and speed at which speciation takes place. This information can assist conservation biologists make decisions about which species they should protect from the threat of extinction. It is ultimately the preservation of phylogenetic diversity that will create a complete and balanced ecosystem.
Evolutionary Theory
The main idea behind evolution is that organisms acquire various characteristics over time due to their interactions with their environments. Several theories of evolutionary change have been developed by a wide range of scientists such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who believed that an organism would evolve gradually according to its requirements, the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern hierarchical taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that use or disuse of traits can cause changes that could be passed onto offspring.
In the 1930s and 1940s, theories from a variety of fields--including natural selection, genetics, and particulate inheritance -- came together to create the modern evolutionary theory which explains how evolution happens through the variation of genes within a population, and how these variants change in time as a result of natural selection. This model, called genetic drift mutation, gene flow and sexual selection, is a key element of modern evolutionary biology and can be mathematically described.
Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have demonstrated that variations can be introduced into a species via mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling of genes during sexual reproduction, and also through migration between populations. These processes, along with other ones like directional selection and genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of the genotype over time), can lead to evolution which is defined by changes in the genome of the species over time and the change in phenotype over time (the expression of the genotype within the individual).
Students can gain a better understanding of the concept of phylogeny through incorporating evolutionary thinking throughout all areas of biology. A recent study conducted by Grunspan and colleagues, for instance, showed that teaching about the evidence supporting evolution helped students accept the concept of evolution in a college biology course. For more information about how to teach evolution read The Evolutionary Potency in All Areas of Biology or 에볼루션 코리아 바카라사이트; digitaltibetan.win, Thinking Evolutionarily A Framework for Integrating Evolution into Life Sciences Education.
Evolution in Action
Traditionally, scientists have studied evolution through looking back--analyzing fossils, comparing species and 바카라 에볼루션 studying living organisms. But evolution isn't a thing that occurred in the past; it's an ongoing process, happening today. Bacteria evolve and resist antibiotics, viruses evolve and elude new medications and animals alter their behavior to a changing planet. The results are often apparent.
It wasn't until late 1980s that biologists began realize that natural selection was in play. The main reason is that different traits confer the ability to survive at different rates and reproduction, and they can be passed on from one generation to another.
In the past when one particular allele, the genetic sequence that determines coloration--appeared in a group of interbreeding organisms, it could rapidly become more common than the other alleles. Over time, that would mean the number of black moths in the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.
Observing evolutionary change in action is much easier when a species has a rapid generation turnover like bacteria. Since 1988 the biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. Coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each are taken on a regular basis and over 50,000 generations have now been observed.
Lenski's research has shown that a mutation can profoundly alter the rate at which a population reproduces--and so, the rate at which it changes. It also demonstrates that evolution is slow-moving, a fact that some people find difficult to accept.
Another example of microevolution is how mosquito genes that confer resistance to pesticides appear more frequently in areas where insecticides are employed. This is because pesticides cause an enticement that favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.
The rapidity of evolution has led to a growing awareness of its significance particularly in a world that is largely shaped by human activity. This includes the effects of climate change, pollution and habitat loss, which prevents many species from adapting. Understanding the evolution process can help us make better choices about the future of our planet and 에볼루션 바카라 무료 [Ddhszz.com] the life of its inhabitants.
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