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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee, you likely already know that different varieties of beans can produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most common varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world accounting for 75% of the global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta and come in different flavors. The taste and aroma components of a cup of coffee can differ significantly based on the growing conditions and processing techniques employed to make it.

The word "coffee" actually originates from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee soon began to spread throughout the world.

Organic Coffee Beans beans can be grown at high altitudes and are capable of flourishing when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical source of their arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make unique specialty coffees that work well with various brewing methods. Blending can control the taste, aroma and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is typically utilized to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants found naturally. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing and produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee beans wholesale suppliers per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate.

Although it may sound contradictory, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag it's likely there's some robusta in there too.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and preserve the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you must select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, which makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinct aroma that is floral and fruity with the smoky notes. They are often blended with other coffee beans to give an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and can withstand humid, hot climates. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home cultivation. Online, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers in order to ensure high quality coffee beans-quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a distinct species, but was later re-classified to be a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for house blends. They are also lighter on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they possess a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered distinct species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These beans have a distinctive teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious flavor. These beans are often used to give blends extra body and a rich tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are renowned for having a a sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. If properly brewed and roasted they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored coffee around the world. It is responsible for around 40% of all coffee consumed globally. These beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

Now that you know the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to choose your perfect brew. If you want a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.