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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to tap into the benefits of relationships, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to avoid criticising a strict professor (see example 2).
This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has a few drawbacks. For example it is that the DCT cannot account for the cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. Furthermore the DCT is prone to bias and can result in overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to examine various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical selection. It can be used to determine phonological complexity in learners speaking.
A recent study used a DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given an array of scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the choices provided. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs are often developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criterion are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test designers. They may not be accurate, and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of alternative methods of assessing refusal competence.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, 프라그마틱 정품인증 무료체험 메타 (please click the up coming document) and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing lives, and their relational advantages. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to identify the participants' actual choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they are indicative of a pragmatic resistance. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The code was re-coded repeatedly by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do certain learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life histories. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and advantages. They outlined, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the cultural and linguistic standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments that they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their local friends might perceive them as "foreigners" and believe they are incompetent. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 and classroom interactions of students in L2. Moreover this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews and observations, 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 (https://Kessler-gardner-2.Hubstack.net/) documents, and artifacts. This kind of research is useful for examining unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
In a case study the first step is to define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which can be omitted. It is also useful to read the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the case in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses.
The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and perception of the world.
Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to employ when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about the well-being of her friend with an intense workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do this.
CLKs' understanding and ability to tap into the benefits of relationships, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to avoid criticising a strict professor (see example 2).
This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has a few drawbacks. For example it is that the DCT cannot account for the cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. Furthermore the DCT is prone to bias and can result in overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to examine various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical selection. It can be used to determine phonological complexity in learners speaking.
A recent study used a DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given an array of scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the choices provided. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs are often developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criterion are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test designers. They may not be accurate, and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of alternative methods of assessing refusal competence.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, 프라그마틱 정품인증 무료체험 메타 (please click the up coming document) and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing lives, and their relational advantages. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to identify the participants' actual choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they are indicative of a pragmatic resistance. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The code was re-coded repeatedly by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do certain learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life histories. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and advantages. They outlined, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the cultural and linguistic standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments that they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their local friends might perceive them as "foreigners" and believe they are incompetent. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 and classroom interactions of students in L2. Moreover this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews and observations, 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 (https://Kessler-gardner-2.Hubstack.net/) documents, and artifacts. This kind of research is useful for examining unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
In a case study the first step is to define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which can be omitted. It is also useful to read the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the case in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses.
The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and perception of the world.
Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to employ when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about the well-being of her friend with an intense workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do this.
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