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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal factors, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 the relationship advantages they had access to were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their decision to not criticize a strict professor (see the example 2).
This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths however, 프라그마틱 추천 슬롯 무료 프라그마틱체험 [why not find out more] it also has a few disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal variations in communication. Furthermore the DCT can be biased and could cause overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness can be a strength. This can assist researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking.
A recent study used an DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given various scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing, such as videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs are typically created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like the content and 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 the form. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They are not always exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally indirect requests and utilized less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. The coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews
One of the major questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist the pragmatic norms of native speakers. A recent study sought to answer this question employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also spoke of external factors, such as relationships and affordances. They outlined, for instance, how their interactions with their professors helped them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences that they might be subject to if they violated their local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as "foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This is similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the preferred norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will help them better understand how different cultural environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that employs intensive, participant-centered research to study a specific subject. This method uses various sources of data including interviews, observations, and documents, to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining unique or complex subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods.
In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also useful to study the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help place the case within a larger theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, thereby ignoring the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world.
The interviewees were presented with two situations, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to talk to and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.
In addition to learner-internal factors, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 the relationship advantages they had access to were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their decision to not criticize a strict professor (see the example 2).
This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths however, 프라그마틱 추천 슬롯 무료 프라그마틱체험 [why not find out more] it also has a few disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal variations in communication. Furthermore the DCT can be biased and could cause overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness can be a strength. This can assist researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking.
A recent study used an DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given various scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing, such as videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs are typically created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like the content and 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 the form. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They are not always exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally indirect requests and utilized less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. The coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews
One of the major questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist the pragmatic norms of native speakers. A recent study sought to answer this question employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also spoke of external factors, such as relationships and affordances. They outlined, for instance, how their interactions with their professors helped them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences that they might be subject to if they violated their local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as "foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This is similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the preferred norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will help them better understand how different cultural environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that employs intensive, participant-centered research to study a specific subject. This method uses various sources of data including interviews, observations, and documents, to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining unique or complex subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods.
In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also useful to study the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help place the case within a larger theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, thereby ignoring the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world.
The interviewees were presented with two situations, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to talk to and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.
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